Corrections and Retractions Policy

JAPED is committed to maintaining the accuracy, completeness, and integrity of the published scholarly record. The following policies govern all corrections, expressions of concern, and retractions of published content, and are fully aligned with COPE guidelines.

Errata

An erratum is issued when an error in a published article has been introduced by the journal during the editorial or production process without the involvement or knowledge of the authors. Errata are published as promptly as possible, linked bidirectionally to the original article, and clearly identified as corrections introduced by the journal.

Corrigenda

A corrigendum is issued when an error in a published article has been introduced by the authors. Authors are encouraged to contact the editorial office immediately upon identifying any error. Corrigenda affecting data, methods, or conclusions are peer-reviewed before publication. Minor typographical or grammatical corrections may be handled editorially. All corrigenda are published with a clear link to and from the original article, and with the same visibility as the original publication.

Expressions of Concern

An Expression of Concern may be issued by the Editor-in-Chief when there are credible, unresolved concerns about a published article  including concerns about data integrity, authorship, or research ethics that are currently under investigation. Expressions of Concern alert readers to the possibility that the article's reliability may be in question while the investigation is conducted. They are removed if the investigation concludes that no action is required, or replaced by a retraction or correction notice if substantiated.

Retractions

JAPED will retract a published article where: the findings have been demonstrated to be unreliable as a result of misconduct or honest error; the article constitutes plagiarism; the work was previously published elsewhere without appropriate disclosure; or the research was conducted in an ethically unacceptable manner. Retraction notices clearly state the reason for retraction and are signed by the Editor-in-Chief. Retracted articles remain accessible in the online record, marked prominently as "RETRACTED" with the date of retraction, to preserve the completeness of the scholarly record. JAPED follows COPE's Retraction Guidelines throughout this process. Authors, reviewers, readers, and institutions who wish to raise concerns about published articles may contact the editorial office in confidence.